Debrah, C., Chan, A. P. C., Darko, A., Ries, R. J., Ohene, E., & Tetteh, M. O. (2024). Driving factors for the adoption of green finance in green building for sustainable development in developing countries: The case of Ghana. Sustainable Development, https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3022
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Abstract
While there are many motivating factors for green finance (GF) implementation, a comprehensive taxonomy of these variables is lacking in the literature, especially for green buildings (GBs). This study aims to analyze the criticality and interdependence of GF-in-GB's driving factors. This study develops a valid set of factors to justify the interrelationships among the drivers. The drivers of GF-in-GB are qualitative in nature, and uncertainties exist among them due to linguistic preferences. This study applies the fuzzy Delphi method to validate eight drivers under uncertainties. Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (FDEMATEL) with qualitative information is used to determine the interrelationships among the drivers. The drivers were grouped under two categories: prominent drivers and cause-effect drivers. The findings revealed that “increased awareness of GF models in GB” and “preferential capital requirements for low-carbon assets” are the top two most prominent/important drivers of GF-in-GB. In Ghana, the top three cause group drivers are “climate commitment,” “improved access to and lower cost of capital,” and “favorable macroeconomic conditions and investment returns.” Drivers with the highest prominence values have the potential to affect and/or be affected by other drivers; therefore, managers and policymakers should prioritize promoting or pursuing these drivers in the short term. On the other hand, it is important to pay more than equal attention to the drivers with the highest net cause values because they have the largest long-term impact on the entire system. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed, enhancing understanding and decision-making in GF-in-GB.
Debrah, C., Chan, A. P. C., Darko, A., Ries, R. J., Ohene, E., & Tetteh, M. O. (2024). Driving factors for the adoption of green finance in green building for sustainable development in developing countries: The case of Ghana. Sustainable Development., 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3022
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Abstract
While there are many motivating factors for green finance (GF) implementation, a comprehensive taxonomy of these variables is lacking in the literature, especially for green buildings (GBs). This study aims to analyze the criticality and interdependence of GF‐in‐GB's driving factors. This study develops a valid set of factors to justify the interrelationships among the drivers. The drivers of GF‐in‐GB are qualitative in nature, and uncertainties exist among them due to linguistic preferences. This study applies the fuzzy Delphi method to validate eight drivers under uncertainties. Fuzzy Decision‐Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (FDEMATEL) with qualitative information is used to determine the interrelationships among the drivers. The drivers were grouped under two categories: prominent drivers and cause‐effect drivers. The findings revealed that “increased awareness of GF models in GB” and “preferential capital requirements for low‐carbon assets” are the top two most prominent/important drivers of GF‐in‐GB. In Ghana, the top three cause group drivers are “climate commitment,” “improved access to and lower cost of capital,” and “favorable macroeconomic conditions and investment returns.” Drivers with the highest prominence values have the potential to affect and/or be affected by other drivers; therefore, managers and policymakers should prioritize promoting or pursuing these drivers in the short term. On the other hand, it is important to pay more than equal attention to the drivers with the highest net cause values because they have the largest long‐term impact on the entire system. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed, enhancing understanding and decision‐making in GF‐in‐GB.
Keywords
fuzzy Delphi method; fuzzy DEMATEL; green building; green finance; sustainable development
Linyan Chen, Amos Darko, Mayowa I. Adegoriola, Albert P.C. Chan, Yang Yang, Mershack O. Tetteh, “Challenges to energy retrofitting of existing office buildings in high-rise high-density cities: The case of Hong Kong,” Energy and Buildings, Volume 312, 2024, 114220, ISSN 0378-7788, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114220.
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Abstract
Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 has become a global goal, sparking concerns regarding energy consumption and carbon emissions in building operations. Office buildings in high-rise high-density cities serve as central business districts, contributing significantly to the city’s economic activity and consuming a lot of energy. The process of retrofitting existing office buildings for energy efficiency in high-rise high-density cities tends to be challenging. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the challenges involved in office buildings’ energy retrofitting, as they have not been thoroughly explored. This study aims to investigate the challenges to the existing office building energy retrofitting (EOBER) in high-rise high-density cities with real cases in Hong Kong. Initially, a systematic literature review was undertaken to identify 49 potential EOBER challenges and categorized into seven groups: technical, financial, institutional, social, environmental, regulatory, and other categories. Afterward, 23 EOBER challenges were identified through 24 semi-structured interviews with 36 real office building energy retrofitting cases in Hong Kong. Moreover, these challenges were quantified by the Z-numbers-based Delphi survey and analysis. Results show that regulatory challenges are the primary challenges, followed by financial challenges. The lack of government incentives, policies, legislation and regulations significantly hinders practitioners’ ability to engage in energy retrofitting initiatives. The long payback period of building energy retrofitting poses a critical financial concern for practitioners embracing such initiatives. In the end, this research proposed integrated strategies to tackle these challenges and increase building energy efficiency, including launching financial and regulatory incentives, shortening the interval for mandatory energy audits, disseminating knowledge, and diversifying finance channels of building energy retrofitting. The findings contribute to the body of knowledge by employing systems thinking to identify and evaluate EOBER challenges in high-rise high-density cities through empirical methodologies. Moreover, this study provides valuable references for practitioners in navigating these challenges and minimizing risks associated with the retrofitting process.
Muiruri, K., Ganguly, I., McPeters, K., & Alonzo, B. (2024). Effects of Hydrothermal Modification on The Mechanical Properties of Red Alder (Alnus Rubra) Native to The Pacific Northwest. The 2024 International ConCave Ph.D. Symposium: Divergence in Architectural Research. Georgia Tech, Atlanta, April 4-5.
Beck, H., Berney, R., Kirk, B., & Yocom, K. P. (2024). Building equity into public park and recreation service investment: A review of public agency approaches. Landscape and Urban Planning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105069
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Abstract
In recent decades, academic and professional research has increased understanding of the importance of city and landscape planners engaging with social and environmental justice issues, including contemporary inequities inherent in the planning, distribution, use, and access of public green and open spaces. However, there is a gap between this research centering equity and the planning, development, and implementation rate demonstrated by public agencies. In this article, we examine examples of emerging practice in the public park and recreation sector to understand the strategies and approaches public agencies are taking to provide equitable park and recreation systems. Our research identifies and analyzes 17 examples of North American public park and open space management agencies using equity-based planning frameworks to prioritize park investment and resource distribution. Equity-focused resource analysis is distinct because while it assesses budget and project-based funding distributions, it further incorporates assessments of historical allocations to understand better areas of under-investment and the evolving needs of different communities. As economic inequities become more pronounced, local governments, and other public institutions providing services to populations, are important in helping communities navigate changes. Our findings support the ongoing advancement of equity-driven planning and implementation for public park and recreation agencies by providing practical information on existing approaches to redress the impact of unfair patterns of under-investment.
Carlisle, S., Waldman, B., Lewis, M., and Simonen, K. (2021). 2021 Carbon Leadership Forum Material Baseline Report, (version 2). Carbon Leadership Forum, University of Washington. Seattle, WA. July 2021. University of Washington ResearchWorks Archive.
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Abstract
The building industry has an essential role to play in tackling climate change associated with building construction and materials manufacturing. Our present understanding of the importance of embodied carbon has been enabled by rigorous quantitative modeling that tracks carbon emissions across the full life of materials and products, using life cycle assessment (LCA). In recent years, the building industry has adopted LCA as the globally accepted method for evaluating and communicating environmental impacts, and applied these methods to the study of materials, products, and assemblies. LCA data and results are essential for guiding science-based efforts to decarbonize buildings and infrastructure.
The Carbon Leadership Forum is part of a broad movement working to drive down the embodied carbon of building materials and products by encouraging the disclosure of high-quality embodied carbon data by manufacturers. It is essential that designers, owners, and policymakers have access to verified, third-party reviewed and published data on building materials and products in order to facilitate procurement decisions, set decarbonization targets, and inform design. One tool for achieving this goal has been the collection and use of Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) to inform decision-making.
The development of a material baseline originated in support of the Embodied Carbon in Construction Calculator (EC3). The EC3 Baseline was originally published in 2019. This document supersedes the baseline dated May 2020. The EC3 tool and its open-access database of digital EPDs are one source for accessing and evaluating available EPDs and the relative carbon impacts that they report. Such databases support designers, owners, and policymakers in selecting low-carbon products during procurement and design. These databases are dynamic, updated constantly as new products are added and upstream data on key processes, such as carbon intensity of regional electricity grids, are revised.
Kriegh, J., Magwood, C., Srubar, W., Lewis, M., Simonen, K. (2021). Transformative Carbon-Storing Materials: Accelerating an Ecosystem Report. https://hdl.handle.net/1773/48126
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Abstract
The potential for meaningful climate impact through materials that serve as carbon sinks now gives such materials a clear advantage, with the potential to reverse the climate profile of buildings from a leading driver of carbon emissions to carbon reservoirs that can help reverse it.
Lewis, M., Huang, M., Simonen, K. (2021), “Embodied Carbon Toolkit for Building Owners”. Carbon Leadership Forum.
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Abstract
Investors, developers, and public or private building owners and tenants are essential to reducing embodied carbon because they play an important role in spurring new projects and setting project requirements. Prioritizing carbon early in a project reduces cost and increases the range of strategies available, while signaling markets about the importance of low-carbon materials.
Lewis, M., Huang, M., Carlisle, S. Simonen, K. (2021), AIA-CLF Embodied Carbon Toolkit for Architects, Carbon Leadership Forum and AIA National.
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Abstract
The AIA-CLF Embodied Carbon Toolkit for Architects serves to provide architects an overview and the necessary steps to be taken to reduce embodied carbon in their projects. This resource is divided into three parts, introducing the necessary steps and resources to take in reducing embodied carbon. This resource intends to empower building designers by:
-introducing embodied carbon and discussing its significance in furthering architects’ influence in decarbonizing the building industry.
-providing an understanding of measuring embodied carbon through the methodology of a life cycle assessment.
-equipping them with strategies to reduce embodied carbon in their own projects.
-incorporating additional resources for implemented strategies and tools that this resource examines.
Carlisle, S., Waldman, B., DeRousseau, M., Miller, L., Ciavola, B., Lewis, M., and Simonen, K. (2022). Buy Clean California Limits: A Proposed Methodology for Setting Industry-Average GWP Limits for Steel, Mineral Wool, and Flat Glass. Carbon Leadership Forum, University of Washington. Seattle, WA. https://hdl.handle.net/1773/48600
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Abstract
The Buy Clean California Act requires the California Department of General Services (DGS), in consultation with the California Air Resources Board, to establish maximum acceptable global warming potential (GWP) limits at industry-average for structural steel (hot-rolled sections, hollow structural sections, and plate), concrete reinforcing steel, flat glass, and mineral wool board insulation (heavy and light). DGS is directed to set these limits at the industry average using data from facility-specific environmental product declarations (EPDs) or industry-wide EPDs based on domestic production data.
In order for GWP limits to be effective they must be scientifically derived, transparent in their underlying methodology, and clear in scope and definition. Calculating industry-average values using EPDs, as required by the BCCA, is challenging: the quality and quantity of data available for calculating GWP limits varies by product type and is continually growing.