Way, Thaisa. (2019). What is the Urban Landscape and What Role in Urban History? Journal Of Urban History, 45(3), 595 – 600.
Keywords
Urban; Landscapes; Modernism; Preservation; Architecture; Cities
Research Theme: Design & Building
Built environment scholarship at the scales of the interior space to the building
Impact of Built Environments on Body Weight (The Moving to Health Study): Protocol for a Retrospective Longitudinal Observational Study
Mooney, Stephen J.; Bobb, Jennifer F.; Hurvitz, Philip M.; Anau, Jane; Theis, Mary Kay; Drewnowski, Adam; Aggarwal, Anju; Gupta, Shilpi; Rosenberg, Dori E.; Cook, Andrea J.; Shi, Xiao; Lozano, Paula; Moudon, Anne Vernez; Arterburn, David. (2020). Impact of Built Environments on Body Weight (The Moving to Health Study): Protocol for a Retrospective Longitudinal Observational Study. Jmir Research Protocols, 9(5).
Abstract
Background: Studies assessing the impact of built environments on body weight are often limited by modest power to detect residential effects that are small for individuals but may nonetheless comprise large attributable risks. Objective: We used data extracted from electronic health records to construct a large retrospective cohort of patients. This cohort will be used to explore both the impact of moving between environments and the long-term impact of changing neighborhood environments. Methods: We identified members with at least 12 months of Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA) membership and at least one weight measurement in their records during a period between January 2005 and April 2017 in which they lived in King County, Washington. Information on member demographics, address history, diagnoses, and clinical visits data (including weight) was extracted. This paper describes the characteristics of the adult (aged 18-89 years) cohort constructed from these data. Results: We identified 229,755 adults representing nearly 1.2 million person-years of follow-up. The mean age at baseline was 45 years, and 58.0% (133,326/229,755) were female. Nearly one-fourth of people (55,150/229,755) moved within King County at least once during the follow-up, representing 84,698 total moves. Members tended to move to new neighborhoods matching their origin neighborhoods on residential density and property values. Conclusions: Data were available in the KPWA database to construct a very large cohort based in King County, Washington. Future analyses will directly examine associations between neighborhood conditions and longitudinal changes in body weight and diabetes as well as other health conditions.
Keywords
Residential Location Choice; Physical-activity; Risk-factors; Food Desert; Neighborhood; Obesity; Association; Outcomes; Bmi; Accelerometer; Electronic Health Records; Built Environment; Washington; Geography; Longitudinal Studies
Modern Architecture and Colonialism in the Islamic World
McLaren, Brian L. (2021). Modern Architecture and Colonialism in the Islamic World. International Journal Of Islamic Architecture, 10(1), 193 – 202.
Keywords
Modem Architecture; Colonialism; North Africa; Middle East; Historiography; Postcolonial Theory
Management Thinking in the Earned Value Method System and the Last Planner System
Kim, Yong-Woo; Ballard, Glenn. (2010). Management Thinking in the Earned Value Method System and the Last Planner System. Journal Of Management In Engineering, 26(4), 223 – 228.
Abstract
Management theory has been neglected in the construction industry, which has rather focused on best practices. This paper investigates the theories implicit in two prevalent project control systems: the earned value method (EVM) and the last planner system (LPS). The study introduces two fundamental and competing conceptualizations of management: managing by means (MBM) and managing by results (MBR). The EVM is found to be based on MBR. However, project control based on MBR is argued to be inappropriate for managing at the operational level where tasks are highly interdependent. The LPS is found to be based on the MBM view. The empirical evidence from literature and case study suggested that the MBM view is more appropriate to manage works when it is applied to the operation level where each task is highly interdependent.
Keywords
Last Planner System (lps); Management Thinking; Performance Measures; Project Control
Beyond Le Corbusier and the Modernist City: Reframing Chandigarh’s ‘World Heritage’ Legacy
Chalana, Manish; Sprague, Tyler S. (2013). Beyond Le Corbusier and the Modernist City: Reframing Chandigarh’s ‘World Heritage’ Legacy. Planning Perspectives, 28(2), 199 – 222.
Abstract
The heritage of Chandigarh, India is a complex subject. While widely acknowledged by academic and professional communities worldwide as a significant work of modernist architecture and urban design, Chandigarh's specific temporal, geographical and cultural contexts complicate efforts to get the city inscribed on United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization's World Heritage List. This article outlines the persistent attempts by both local and international organizations to achieve this inscription, efforts that have not yet been successful. Relying on historical scholarship and fieldwork, the authors reassess the value of Chandigarh's heritage both in terms of historical significance and contemporary planning. By addressing the complexity and scope of the design and planning process, embracing the inhabitation and appropriation of the city, and fostering an appreciation of modern architecture, Chandigarh can develop a more localized understanding of heritage yet one that can be appreciated worldwide.
Keywords
World Heritage Sites; Historic Sites; Modern Architecture; Urban Planning; Architecture; Modern Movement (architecture); Preservation Of Historic Sites; Twentieth Century; Chandigarh (india); India; Chandigarh; Le Corbusier; Modern Heritage; Preservation Planning; Unesco; World Heritage List; Le Corbusier, 1887-1965
Design Management in Design-Build Megaprojects: SR 99 Bored Tunnel Case Study
Gatti, U.C.; Migliaccio, G.C.; Laird, L. (2014). Design Management in Design-Build Megaprojects: SR 99 Bored Tunnel Case Study. Practice Periodical On Structural Design And Construction, 19(1), 148-58.
Abstract
The increasing use of the design-build project delivery method has resulted in it now being one of the most popular nontraditional methods for delivering road, bridge, mass transit, and rail projects in the United States. However, although the use of design-build is widespread, there remains a substantial lack of information about how to effectively plan and implement design management procedures for design-build transportation projects. In particular, transportation agencies lack information about how to shape appropriate design management roles for various contractual parties and to manage design activities for design-build megaprojects. To fill this gap, this paper presents a case study of the SR 99 Bored Tunnel project in Seattle, Washington. It provides detailed information on how the owner, the Washington State DOT (WSDOT), incorporated design management procedures into its requirements and how the design-builder, Seattle Tunnel Partners, implemented them within its project management processes.
Keywords
Boring; Design Engineering; Project Management; Tunnels; Design-build Megaproject; Design-build Project Delivery Method; Road Project; Bridge Project; Mass Transit Project; Rail Project; United States; Design-build Transportation Project; Transportation Agency; Sr 99 Bored Tunnel Project; Seattle; Washington State Dot; Wsdot; Design Management; Project Management Process
Statistical Analysis of Embodied Carbon Emission for Building Construction
Kang, Goune; Kim, Taehoon; Kim, Yong-woo; Cho, Hunhee; Kang, Kyung-in. (2015). Statistical Analysis of Embodied Carbon Emission for Building Construction. Energy And Buildings, 105, 326 – 333.
Abstract
Buildings are significant contributors to the greenhouse effect through emission of considerable carbon dioxide during their life cycle. Life cycle carbon resulting from buildings consists of two components: operational carbon (OC) and embodied carbon (EC). Recent studies have shown the growing significance of EC because much effort has already been invested into reducing OC. In this context, it is important to estimate and reduce EC. Because of the variability and uncertainty contained in a range of conditions, the EC of building needs to be calculated based on probabilistic analysis. This study identifies and analyzes the statistical characteristics of EC emitted from building construction materials. It was aimed at buildings constructed of reinforced concrete and nine representative construction materials. Descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and a goodness-of-fit test were performed to describe the statistical characteristics of EC. In addition, a case study was carried out to show the difference between the deterministic and probabilistic estimations. Presenting statistical information on EC data and the differences between the deterministic and probabilistic values, the result shows the necessity and reasonability of the probabilistic method for EC estimation. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Keywords
Construction; Construction Materials; Greenhouse Gases; Probability Theory; Goodness-of-fit Tests; Quantitative Research; Building Materials; Correlation; Descriptive Statistics; Embodied Carbon; Goodness-of-fit; Buildings (structures); Reinforced Concrete; Statistical Analysis; Embodied Carbon Emission; Greenhouse Effect; Carbon Dioxide; Life Cycle Carbon; Operational Carbon; Oc; Probabilistic Analysis; Building Construction Materials; Statistics Analysis; Correlation Analysis; Probabilistic Estimations; Statistical Information; Ec Data; Probabilistic Method; Ec Estimation; Life-cycle; Energy Measurement; System Boundary
Configuration of Earthwork Equipment Considering Environmental Impacts, Cost and Schedule
Kim, Byung-soo; Kim, Yong-woo. (2016). Configuration of Earthwork Equipment Considering Environmental Impacts, Cost and Schedule. Journal Of Civil Engineering And Management, 22(1), 73 – 85.
Abstract
Along with promotion of public awareness about sustainability, the concept of sustainability has gained in- creasing attention across all industries. The construction industry is one of the largest industries, and at the same time, among the largest polluters. Thus, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly important to construction firms and many contractors have started to reduce the environmental impacts of their construction activities. As part of the effort to achieve sustainability in construction sector, the study develops a method to select earth-moving equipment, based on their environmental impacts as well as duration and cost considerations. To this end, the study initially devel- ops a model for determining construction costs and duration as well as a model for determining monetary environmental impacts on earthwork construction. The study then uses an Improved Weight Decision Method (IWDM) to determine the weight of variables in order to find the best performed equipment configuration. The authors expect that the findings of the study will contribute to the research and practice in configuring earthwork equipment, taking into account associated environmental impacts as well as time and costs.
Keywords
Earthwork; Environmental Impact Analysis; Sustainable Development; Production Scheduling; Cost Analysis; Earthwork Equipment; Environmental Impacts; Equipment Configuration; Improved Weight Decision Method (iwdm); Construction Activities; Construction Costs; Construction Firms; Construction Sectors; Cost And Schedule; Decision Method; Public Awareness; Construction Equipment; Construction Industry; Excavation; Foundations; 0
An Investigation of the Daylighting Simulation Techniques and Sky Modeling Practices for Occupant Centric Evaluations
Inanici, Mehlika; Hashemloo, Alireza. (2017). An Investigation of the Daylighting Simulation Techniques and Sky Modeling Practices for Occupant Centric Evaluations. Building And Environment, 113, 220 – 231.
Abstract
Occupant centric performance approaches in daylighting studies promote design decisions that support human visual comfort, productivity, and visual preferences, along with more conventional energy efficiency criteria. Simulating per-pixel luminance values and luminance distribution patterns for the entire scene allows us to analyze the occupant centric metrics and performance criteria. However, there are a number of different sky models, complex fenestration models, and simulation techniques that produce either conventional point in time images or annual luminance maps. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between different techniques; and a comparison analyses provides insight about their impact on occupant centric lighting measures. The comparisons for sky modeling include the conventional CIE skies (Clear, Intermediate, and Overcast), measurement based CIE models, Perez all-weather skies, and high dynamic range image based skies. The comparison of simulation techniques include point in time simulations, image based lighting simulations, and annual luminance simulations (threephase and five-phase methods). Results demonstrate that measurement based sky models match real world conditions with reasonable proximity, and generic CIE skies consistently underestimate the indoor lighting conditions. Annual simulation methods provide a large database of temporal luminance variations, where individual instances are comparable to point in time simulations. Long term luminance simulations provide opportunities to evaluate the percentage of the year that a given luminance based criteria is met or violated. (C)2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords
Complex Fenestration Systems; Scattering Distribution-functions; Discomfort Glare; Visual Comfort; Daylit Spaces; Validation; Radiance; Performance; Offices; Design; Sky Models; Daylight Simulations; Point In Time Simulations; Image Based Lighting; Annual Lighting Simulations; Annual Luminance Maps
Temporal Effect of Construction Workforce Physical Strain on Diminishing Marginal Productivity at the Task Level
Lee, Wonil; Migliaccio, Giovanni C. (2018). Temporal Effect of Construction Workforce Physical Strain on Diminishing Marginal Productivity at the Task Level. Journal Of Construction Engineering And Management, 144(9).
Abstract
Physiological status and environmental stressors are known to influence workforce performance at the individual worker level. A previous study, which conducted a cross-sectional comparison in repetitive material-handling construction activities, suggested that a U-shaped relationship existed between physical strain and productivity at the group level. This research revisits those findings to further investigate the U-curve relationship between physical strain and productivity at the group level and validate the concept of diminishing marginal productivity. Heart rates were measured as an indicator of subjects' physical strain, whereas task productivity was estimated by work sampling. Eighty person-hour data were converted into panel data sets by dividing each subject's 4-h experimental data into 5-min intervals. These data sets were subsequently used to evaluate the effects of time on physical strain and productivity with 5-min lags. The study found a U-curve relationship between physical strain and task-level productivity at the group level while controlling for individual characteristics. The U-shape relationship was constant in the low-performance and high-performance groups, although the degrees of the polynomials differed. Productive workers will remain more productive than low-productive workers with increased physical strain.
Keywords
Construction Industry; Industrial Psychology; Labour Resources; Occupational Health; Polynomials; Productivity; Physiological Status; Environmental Stressors; U-shaped Relationship; Productive Workers; Polynomials Degree; Diminishing Marginal Productivity; Construction Workforce Physical Strain; Labor Productivity; Scientific Management; Shift Work; Performance; Model; Taylorism; Burnout; Design; Impact; Safety; Construction Productivity; Labor And Personal Issue; Work Physiology; Physical Strain